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Shell higher olefin process
The Shell higher olefin process is a chemical process for the production of linear alpha olefins via ethylene oligomerization and olefin metathesis invented and exploited by Royal Dutch Shell.〔''Industrial Organic Chemistry'', Klaus Weissermel, Hans-Jurgen Arpe John Wiley & Sons; 3rd 1997 ISBN 3-527-28838-4〕 The olefin products are converted to fatty aldehydes and then to fatty alcohols, which are precursors plasticizers and detergents. The annual global production of olefines through this method is over one million tonnes.〔Keim, W. (2013), ''Oligomerization of Ethylene to α-Olefins: Discovery and Development of the Shell Higher Olefin Process (SHOP)''. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 52: 12492–12496. 〕 A new production facility (capacity 200.000 tonnes) is planned in Qatar.〔
==History==
The process was discovered by chemists at Shell Development Emeryville in 1968. At the time ecological considerations demanded the replacement of branched fatty alcohols used widely in detergents, by linear fatty alcohols because the biodegradation of the branched compounds was slow, causing foaming of surface water.〔 At the same time new gas oil crackers were being commissioned and ethylene supply was outpacing demand.〔
The process was commercialized in 1977 by Royal Dutch Shell and following an expansion of the Geismar, Louisiana (USA) plant in 2002 global annual production capacity was 1.2 million tons.
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